危險廢物妥善包裝、貯存是污染控制的“第一道防線”各相關單位應高度重視

　　Proper packaging and storage of hazardous waste is the "first line of defense" for pollution control, and all relevant units should attach great importance to it

　　危險廢物貯存污染控制有哪些規范要點？

　　What are the key regulatory points for pollution control in hazardous waste storage?

　　01

　　01

　　危險廢物貯存設施

　　Hazardous waste storage facilities

　　不應露天堆放危險廢物!應根據危險廢物的類別、數量、形態、物理化學性質和環境風險等因素，選擇貯存庫、貯存場、貯存池和貯存罐區等貯存設施，危險廢物登記管理單位(小微單位)可以采用“貯存點”方式，但實時貯存量

　　Dangerous waste should not be piled up outdoors! Storage facilities such as warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, and storage tank areas should be selected based on factors such as the type, quantity, form, physical and chemical properties, and environmental risks of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste registration and management units (small and micro units) can use the "storage point" method, but real-time storage capacity is limited

　　不能超過3噸!

　　Cannot exceed 3 tons!

　　1.貯存倉庫

　　1. Storage warehouse

　　應根據要求設置必要的貯存

　　Necessary storage should be set up according to requirements

　　分區。

　　Partition.

　　分區之間可采用過道、隔板或

　　Corridors, partitions, or

　　隔墻等方式隔離。

　　Separate by partition walls or other means.

　　根據需要，設置液體泄漏堵截設施、滲濾液收集設施、

　　Set up liquid leakage interception facilities and leachate collection facilities as needed

　　氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設施。

　　Gas collection devices and gas purification facilities.

　　2.貯存罐區

　　2. Storage tank area

　　應設置在圍堰內

　　Should be set inside the cofferdam

　　圍堰應進行表面防滲、基礎防滲

　　The cofferdam should be subjected to surface anti-seepage and foundation anti-seepage measures

　　圍堰不能有缺口，容積應至少滿足其內部最大貯存罐發生意外泄漏時所需要的危險廢物收集容積要求。

　　The cofferdam must not have any gaps, and its capacity should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside.

　　3.貯存池

　　3. Storage pool

　　用于貯存單一類別液態或半固態危險廢物應位于室內或具有頂棚(蓋)防滲層應覆蓋整個池體，并進行基礎防滲具有防止雨水、地面徑流等進入，減少大氣污染物的無組織排放等的措施

　　The storage of single category liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste should be located indoors or covered with a waterproof layer that covers the entire pool, and basic anti-seepage measures should be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering and reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants

　　4.貯存場

　　4. Storage yard

　　用于貯存不易產生粉塵、揮發性有機物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的大宗危險廢物。

　　Used for storing bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases.

　　應設置徑流疏導系統，整體或分區設計液體導流和收集設施。

　　A runoff diversion system should be established, and liquid diversion and collection facilities should be designed as a whole or in zones.

　　03

　　03

　　防滲要求

　　Anti leakage requirements

　　采用堅固的材料建造，表面無裂縫液等接觸的構筑物表面

　　Constructed with sturdy materials, the surface of the structure is free from cracks or contact with liquids

　　防滲、防腐材料應覆蓋所有可能與廢物及其滲濾液、滲漏

　　The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all possible waste, leachate, and leakage

　　表面防滲:應與所接觸的物料或污染物相容，可采用抗滲混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、鈉基膨潤土防水毯或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　Surface anti-seepage: It should be compatible with the materials or pollutants it comes into contact with, and can be made of anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket, or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　基礎防滲:防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層(滲透系數不大于107cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料(滲透系數不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　Basic anti-seepage: The anti-seepage layer is at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 107cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　防雨要求

　　Rainproof requirements

　　不應露天堆放危險廢物!

　　Dangerous waste should not be piled up outdoors!

　　在貯存設施內的，也應防止雨水沖淋危險廢物

　　In storage facilities, it is also necessary to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste

　　通過徑流疏導系統，或其他防止雨水、地面徑流等進入的措施，保證能防止當地重現期不小于25年的暴雨流入。

　　The runoff diversion system or other measures to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering shall be taken to prevent the inflow of local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years.

　　05

　　05

　　泄漏堵截要求

　　Leakage interception requirements

　　在貯存庫內或通過貯存分區方式貯存液態危險廢物的，應具有液體泄漏堵截設施，堵截設施最小容積不應低于對應貯存區域最大液態廢物容器容積或液態廢物總儲量1/10(二者取較大者);用于貯存可能產生滲濾液的危險廢物的貯存庫或貯存分區應設計滲濾液收集設施，收集設施容積應滿足滲濾液的收集要求。

　　If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection.

　　貯存罐區圍堰容積應至少滿足其內部最大貯存罐發生意外泄漏時所需要的危險廢物收集容積要求。

　　The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside.

　　貯存場可整體或分區設計液體(不僅指泄漏)導流和收集設施，收集設施容積應保證在最不利條件下可以容納對應貯存區域產生的滲濾液、廢水等液態物質。

　　The storage area can be designed with liquid (not just leakage) diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones. The volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions.

　　03101

　　03101

　　應急

　　emergency

　　事故水池

　　Accident pool

　　氣體凈化要求

　　Gas purification requirements

　　貯存易產生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險廢物貯存庫，應設置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設施

　　Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste storage facilities for acid mist, toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities

　　分類收集、妥善包裝

　　Classify and collect, properly package

　　01

　　01

　　按廢物名稱，分類收集、分別記錄，即使是相同危廢代碼的不同廢物;有必要區分的不同產廢環節的，即使是同名稱廢物也應分別收集、包裝和記錄。主要目的是實現“可查詢、可

　　Classify and collect waste according to their names, and record them separately, even for different wastes with the same hazardous waste code; It is necessary to distinguish between different waste production processes, and even waste with the same name should be collected, packaged, and recorded separately. The main purpose is to achieve 'searchable, searchable'

　　追溯”

　　Tracing back "

　　02

　　02

　　容器和包裝物

　　Containers and packaging materials

　　應注意相容性，滿足防滲、防漏、防

　　Attention should be paid to compatibility, meeting the requirements of anti-seepage, leak proof, and leak proof

　　腐和強度等要求。

　　Requirements for corrosion and strength.

　　閉口包裝、封口嚴密。易產生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險廢物應裝時應封口嚴密。

　　Closed packaging, tightly sealed. Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste containing acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be sealed tightly when packaged.

　　入閉口容器或包裝物內貯存。柔性容器和包裝物堆疊碼放

　　Store in closed containers or packaging materials. Stacking and stacking flexible containers and packaging materials

　　無破損，不滲不漏，外表面應保持清潔。強度上，不應因堆疊碼放導致破損泄漏、明顯變形(硬質容器和包裝物及其支護結構)。

　　No damage, no leakage, and the outer surface should be kept clean. In terms of strength, there should be no damage, leakage, or significant deformation caused by stacking and stacking (hard containers and packaging materials and their supporting structures).

　　求，填寫、設置危險廢物標簽

　　Request, fill in, and set hazardous waste labels

　　按《HJ1276-2022危險廢物識別標志設置技術規范》要在常溫常壓下易爆、易燃及排出有毒氣體的危險廢物應進行預處理，使之穩定后貯存，否則應按易爆、易燃危險品貯存。

　　According to the Technical Specification for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks (HJ1276-2022), hazardous waste that is explosive, flammable, or emits toxic gases at room temperature and pressure should be pre treated and stored after stabilization. Otherwise, it should be stored as explosive or flammable hazardous materials.

　　明確規范化管理制度

　　Clear and standardized management system

　　01.入庫核驗

　　01. Inventory verification

　　危險廢物存入貯存設施前應對危險廢物類別和特性與危險廢物標簽等危險廢物識別標志的一致性進行核驗，不一致的或類別、特性不明的不應存入。

　　Before storing hazardous waste in storage facilities, the consistency between the category and characteristics of hazardous waste and the identification marks such as hazardous waste labels should be verified. Inconsistent or unclear categories and characteristics should not be stored.

　　02.定期檢查

　　02. Regular inspection

　　應定期檢查危險廢物的貯存狀況，及時清理貯存設施地面，更換破損泄漏的危險廢物貯存容器和包裝物，保證堆存危險廢物的防雨、防風、防揚塵等設施功能完好。

　　Regular inspections should be conducted on the storage status of hazardous waste, and the floors of storage facilities should be cleaned in a timely manner. Damaged and leaking hazardous waste storage containers and packaging materials should be replaced to ensure that the rain, wind, and dust prevention facilities for storing hazardous waste are in good condition.

　　03.記錄臺賬

　　03. Record ledger

　　應按《HJ1259 危險廢物管理計劃和管理臺賬制定技術導

　　Technical guidance should be developed in accordance with the HJ1259 Hazardous Waste Management Plan and Management Ledger

　　則》建立危險廢物管理臺賬并保存。

　　Establish a hazardous waste management ledger and keep it.

　　貯存設施所有者或運營者應建立貯存設施全部檔案，包括設計、施工、驗收、運行、監測和環境應急等，應按國家有關檔案管理的法律法規進行整理和歸檔。

　　The owner or operator of a storage facility shall establish a complete archive of the storage facility, including design, construction, acceptance, operation, monitoring, and environmental emergency response, which shall be organized and archived in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations on archive management.

　　04.定期監測

　　04. Regular monitoring

　　納入監測計劃

　　Include in monitoring plan

　　制定監測方案

　　Develop monitoring plan

　　開展自行監測

　　Carry out self-monitoring

　　《HJ819 排污單位自行監測技術指南 總則》險廢物治理》

　　HJ819 Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - General Principles for Hazardous Waste Management

　　《HJ1250 排污單位自行監測技術指南工業固體廢物和危

　　HJ1250 Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Industrial Solid Waste and Hazardous Materials

　　05.應急防范

　　05. Emergency prevention

　　做好應急預案

　　Prepare emergency plans

　　編制突發環境事件應急預案，定期開展必要的培訓和環境

　　Develop emergency response plans for sudden environmental incidents, regularly conduct necessary training and environmental assessments

　　應急演練，并做好培訓、演練記錄。

　　Emergency drills and keep records of training and drills.

　　配置物資和人員

　　Configure materials and personnel

　　貯存設施所有者或運營者應配備滿足其突發環境事件應急要求的應急人員、裝備和物資，并應設置應急照明系統。

　　Owners or operators of storage facilities should be equipped with emergency personnel, equipment, and materials that meet their requirements for sudden environmental incidents, and should also install emergency lighting systems.

　　自然災害或惡劣天氣時

　　During natural disasters or adverse weather conditions

　　相關部門發布自然災害或惡劣天氣預警后，貯存設施所有

　　After the relevant departments issue natural disaster or severe weather warnings, all storage facilities are

　　者或運營者應啟動相應防控措施，若有必要可將危險廢物

　　The person or operator should initiate corresponding prevention and control measures, and if necessary, dispose of hazardous waste

　　轉移至其他具有防護條件的地點貯存。

　　Transfer to other locations with protective conditions for storage.

　　貫徹標準、持續達標

　　Implement standards and continuously meet them

　　相關單位應根據自身實際情況，對照標準要求全面評估風險，不滿足標準要求的應切實提標改造，強化智慧監管，強化規范運行，確保危險廢物貯存污染控制持續達標。

　　Relevant units should comprehensively assess risks based on their own actual situation and standard requirements. Those that do not meet the standard requirements should be effectively upgraded and renovated, strengthen intelligent supervision, enhance standardized operation, and ensure that the pollution control of hazardous waste storage continues to meet the standards.